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Openshift Q&A

SET – 1 1. What is OpenShift? OpenShift is an open-source container application platform based on Kubernetes. It helps developers develop, deploy, and manage containerized applications. 2. What are the key components of OpenShift? Master: Manages nodes and orchestrates the deployment of containers. Nodes: Run containers and handle workloads. ETCD: Stores cluster configuration data. OpenShift API: Handles API calls. 3. How does OpenShift differ from Kubernetes? OpenShift extends Kubernetes by adding features such as a web console, a built-in CI/CD pipeline, multi-tenant security, and developer tools. It also has stricter security policies. 4. What is Source-to-Image (S2I) in OpenShift? S2I is a process that builds Docker images directly from application source code, making it easier to deploy apps without writing a Dockerfile. It automatically builds a container from source code and deploys it in OpenShift. 5. Explain the difference between DeploymentConfig and Deployment in OpenShift. DeploymentConfig is specific to OpenShift and offers additional control over deployment strategies, hooks, and triggers, whereas Deployment is a Kubernetes native resource for deploying containerized apps. 6. How does OpenShift manage storage and persistent volumes? OpenShift uses Persistent Volume (PV) and Persistent Volume Claim (PVC) to provide dynamic and static storage for containerized applications. It supports different storage backends like NFS, AWS EBS, and GlusterFS. 7. How do you handle multi-tenancy and security in OpenShift? OpenShift uses Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Security Context Constraints (SCC), and Network Policies to handle multi-tenancy. SCCs define the security rules for pods, and RBAC defines access control based on user roles. 8. Explain how you would implement CI/CD pipelines in OpenShift. OpenShift has a native Jenkins integration for automating CI/CD pipelines. It can be set up using OpenShift’s BuildConfigs and Jenkins Pipelines to automate testing, building, and deploying applications. 9. What is OpenShift Operator Framework, and why is it important? The Operator Framework in OpenShift automates the deployment, scaling, and lifecycle management of Kubernetes applications. It allows applications to be managed in the same way Kubernetes manages its components. 10. How would you design a highly available OpenShift cluster across multiple regions? Use a multi-region architecture with disaster recovery features. Utilize load balancers (like F5 or HAProxy), configure etcd clusters for consistency, and use persistent storage replicated across regions. Also, use Cluster Federation for managing multiple clusters. SET – 2 1. What is an OpenShift project, and how is it used? An OpenShift project is a logical grouping of resources, such as applications, builds, and deployments. It provides a way to organize and manage resources within a cluster. 2. How do you secure an OpenShift cluster? Implementing RBAC to limit access. Using Network Policies to control traffic between pods. Enabling SELinux and Security Context Constraints to enforce pod-level security. Encrypting sensitive data in etcd and using TLS for securing communication. 3. How would you perform an OpenShift cluster upgrade? Plan upgrades by checking the OpenShift compatibility matrix, backing up etcd, and testing the upgrade in a staging environment. Perform upgrades using the OpenShift Command-Line Interface (CLI) and ensure high availability by performing a rolling upgrade. 4. Explain the concept of a pod in OpenShift. A pod is the smallest unit of deployment in OpenShift. It represents a group of containers that share a network namespace and are scheduled together. 5. What is a route in OpenShift, and how does it differ from a service? A route defines how external traffic is routed to services within a cluster. It acts as a virtual host for your applications. A service is a logical group of pods that provide the same functionality. 6. Explain the concept of a deployment configuration in OpenShift. A deployment configuration defines the desired state of an application, including the number of replicas, image, and resource requirements. It also handles rolling updates and scaling. 7. What is the role of a build configuration in OpenShift? A build configuration defines the process for building container images. It can be triggered by source code changes or scheduled events. 8. What is the difference between a stateful application and a stateless application in OpenShift? A stateful application stores data that persists across restarts or failures. Examples include databases and message queues. A stateless application doesn’t require persistent data and can be easily scaled horizontally. 9. How do you manage persistent storage in OpenShift? OpenShift provides options like Persistent Volumes (PVs) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVCs) to manage persistent storage for stateful applications. 10. What is Route in OpenShift Container Platform? You can use a route to host your application at a public URL(Uniform Resource Locators). Depending on the application’s network security setup, it can be secure or insecure. An HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)-based route is an unsecured route that provides a service on an unsecured application port and employs the fundamental HTTP routing protocol. SET – 3 1. What are Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines? Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines is a cloud-native continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) system based on Kubernetes. It uses Tekton building components to automate deployments across several platforms, abstracting away the underlying implementation details. 2. Explain how Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines uses triggers. Create a full-featured CI/CD system with Triggers and Pipelines in which Kubernetes resources define the entire CI/CD process. Triggers capture and process external events, such as a Git pull request and extract key pieces of information. 3. What can OpenShift Virtualization do for you? The OpenShift Container Platform add-on OpenShift Virtualization allows you to execute and manage virtual machine workloads alongside container workloads. OpenShift Virtualization uses Kubernetes custom resources to introduce additional objects to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster to enable virtualisation jobs. 4. What is the use of admission plug-ins? Admission plug-ins can be used to control how the OpenShift Container Platform works. After being authenticated, admission plug-ins intercept resource requests submitted to the master API and are permitted to validate resource requests and ensure that scaling laws are obeyed. 5. What are OpenShift cartridges? OpenShift cartridges serve as hubs for application development. Along with a preconfigured environment, each cartridge has its own libraries,

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Journey Back to Private Datacenter from Cloud | Dropbox

Vanakkam all In current world, companies are rushing towards switching their application from private datacenter(DC) to Cloud providers who provide various services including compute, networking, storage, security etc. The main reason for switching from DC to Cloud revolves around the DC cost, efficiency, scalability. But soon, will we be witnessing them migrating back from Cloud to Private Datacenter considering the unprecedented price hike, unused services, unused resources, confusion in service selection etc and also server manufacturers offering the hardware in smaller size, AI powered processors which occupies less space comparing to olden days. Example | Dropbox When we talk about moving back to DC due to unplanned cloud services usage and its effect on costing, there are several companies out there who have already moved back to their private DC or planning to move back as challenge to showcase that they can built an cost effective, efficient, planned DC on their own instead spending a huge budget on cloud Dropbox In a well-publicized move, Dropbox decided to shift away from Amazon Web Services (AWS) to its own custom-built infrastructure. This decision was primarily motivated by the need to control costs and improve performance, as managing their massive amounts of data on AWS was becoming increasingly expensive. “It was clear to us from the beginning that we’d have to build everything from scratch,” wroteDropbox infrastructure VP Akhil Gupta on his company blog in 2016, “since there’s nothing in the open source community that’s proven to work reliably at our scale. Few companies in the world have the same requirements for scale of storage as we do.” Its the backward approach. Now, Dropbox has its own advanced AI driven Datacenters across. Their strategy on building a Datacenter is interesting and amazing. They have come up with their own checklist, stages, planning in acquiring a place before Datacenter is being officially set. Interesting checklist | DC site selection process: Dropbox before it stages a DC, it involves in following process Site Selection Process Power Space Cooling Network Security Site Hazards Operations & Engineering Logistics Rental rate Utility rate Rental escalator Power usage effectiveness Supporting Infrastructure Design Expected cabinet weight with dimensions and expected quantity Increased risk due to construction delays Inadequate monitoring programs, which would not have provided the necessary facility alerts With above all selection process, the team comes up with a Score card. Based on the score, they decide the site location and then work on the DC setup. Large Vs Small DC space : The technology advancement is moving towards having small servers, small rack rack space and facility to easily upgrade the hardware or enhance the existing hardware. We have providers who can help in hardware upgrade lease agreements. Consult our CubenSquare Experts for Migration : Reach out to our experts for – Move back to Private Datacenter setup Compare existing Cloud pricing Vs DC setup and its pricing forecast We understand your application, customer base, thought process and provide Cloud/DC solution Cost optimization solution in existing Cloud Summary : Probably, in next 5 years, we can see several companies moving back to private datacenters from cloud considering the temptation of using services which they don’t need, excessive usage of resources, lack of knowledge in choosing the right service resulting in enormous price hike

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Wind Farm – Private 5G, Red Hat Openshift and the demand for certified Engineers

Vanakkam all I am from Kanyakumari, southern tip of India. We have India’s largest operational onshore windfarm in the place called Muppandal, Kanyakumari District. On the way home, we cross the landscape withlush green fields surrounded by mountains, goats, sheep, cow, birds, farmers walking brisk by the morning sun shine ( this generation is lacking that brisk and natural energy) and not just this – gentle breeze, early morning sunshine on your face, a backdrop of wind turbines with avg 80 feet height and the rotating gigantic blades. The wind farm developed by Tamilnadu Energy Development Agency. Often I just think about the birds safety crossing those windfarm radar, blades but have never thought about how technology can solve that problem. Private 5G As the name implies, Private 5G is a dedicated network that uses 5G technology to create a private network tailored to specific organization needs. Its exclusive to the organization that sets them up. This gives them more control over the network’s setup, management, security, access and performance. One quick example of deployment of private 5G network in an industrial environment would be Siemens Automotive Test Center. Key Features of Prviate 5G High Speed and Low Latency Enhanced Security Customizability and Control Improved Connectivity for IoT Devices Dedicated Resources What is the connection between Private 5G and Windfarm Windfarm- a group of wind turbines is used to produce electricity. They harness kinetic energy of wind and convert it into electrical energy through the rotation of blades connected to generators. Protected Birds : Wind turbines blades can pose threats to species that are protected by law. Birds can collide with rotating blades or disturbed by wind farms leading to decline in their population. Problem statement : The problem outlined in#MWC24 on Feb 28,2024 was ‘Possible collision of birds in wind farm to protect wildlife and prevent penalties’ Solution: #MWC24 Early detection of protected birds in wind farms to avoid the environmental impact. Redhat Openshift & Private 5G As per Kelly Switt – Global Head of Intelligence Edge, Red Hat, ‘Red Hat and Intel have collaborated to create a cloud and edge-native private 5G solution for industrial and cross vertical deployments that is cost-effective and easier to adopt. This enables manufacturers to more readily capitalize on the massive revenue opportunity presented by AI-enabled software-defined operations and factories’. In windfarm, Private 5G can be applied in : Real-time Data Analytics and Monitoring Remote Control and Automation Enhanced Safety and Security Drone Inspections Digital Twin Technology – Virtual representation of windfarm IoT Integration By leveraging the capabilities and niche features of 5G, wind farm operators can achieve higher efficiency, enhanced safety and lower operational costs. Private 5G applications can be deployed on Redhat Openshift which provides a unified cloud-native platform. Openshift can be beneficial for Simplified Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), Edge computing, Automation and Orchestration, Security and compliance. Whats the AI role in this – Usecase Utilizinghigh-resolution cameras around wind farms, AI algorithms can continuously monitor skies for bird activity and these algorithms are trained to identify protected bird species from video feeds in real time. By recognizing specific species, especially those that are protected or at risk, AI can provide immediate alerts when such birds are detected near the turbines. When a protected bird or its flock is detected, there are two ways to prevent the collision . 1- Generate a acoustic sound which can help divert the bird flying direction, 2-Slow down the blade rotation automatically. Private 5G networks ensure that the vast amounts of data collected by cameras and microphones are transmitted with minimal latency to the AI processing units. This helps in immediate actions and avoid any collision. AI system can also learn from every incident and improves the accuracy and effectiveness overtime. This also helps the windfarm operators to be regulatory compliant. Demand for Redhat Openshift Engineers : All these innovative solutions with Redhat Openshift is inturn creating a huge job market for certified Redhat Openshift Engineers. Learn the technology, understand the nuances, were it is being used and how, and finally get placed in reputed organizations and enjoy the journey of innovation.

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